Molecular mechanisms of early development of 45,X0 embryos (Turner syndrome)

Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by the absence of the second sex chromosome, giving rise to individuals with a female phenotype.It occurs in 1/2,500 live newborns, and it is estimated that only 1% of embryos with TS manage to reach the end of their gestation.These patients have short stature, infertility, cardiac, renal, and autoimmune diseases.Studies have revealed cellular and molecular alterations that explain the high mortality in the prenatal stage, obstetric complications, and comorbidities.The objective of this study was to review the current knowledge about the development of embryos with TS and its impact on the health of patients.The updated scientific literature was reviewed.Various cellular and molecular alterations have been reported in prenatal stages in embryos with TS, which have an impact on the health of these patients.The understanding of these mechanisms will allow us to provide better obstetric care that will be reflected until their adult life.