Evaluation of Possible Ameliorative Role of Robinetin to Counteract Polystyrene Microplastics Instigated Renal Toxicity in Rats

This investigation was planned to determine the ameliorative potential of robinetin (RN) to counteract the adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) on renal tissues.Twenty-four albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into four groups i.e., control, PSMPs (0.01 mg/kg), PSMPs (0.01 mg/kg ) + RN (50 mg/kg) and RN (50 mg/kg) only treated group.The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were reduced while the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were escalated following the PSMPs intoxication.Moreover, PSMPs exposure increased the levels of urea, creatinine, KIM-1 and NGAL while downregulating the levels of creatinine clearance.Furthermore, PSMPs markedly escalated the levels of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 activity.Besides, the levels of Caspase-3, Bax and Caspase-9 were elevated while levels of Bcl-2 were reduced after PSMPs intoxication.Additionally, PSMPs administration instigated various histopathological anomalies in renal tissues.Nonetheless, RN supplementation considerably restored aforementioned dysregulations instigated by PSMPs due to its antioxidative, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory potential.