The overlap integrals of scattering states in potentials of finite widths are expressed with their asymptotic behaviors and those of energies E₁ and E₂ consist of diagonal terms that are proportional to δ(E₁-E₂) and nondiagonal terms. Owing to the composition of nondiagonal terms, superpositions of stationary states have time-dependent norms and finite probability currents. These do not represent isolate states. In various exceptional potentials and in free theory, nondiagonal terms do not exist, and the superpositions of states with different energies represent isolate particles that exactly describe scattering processes.
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Ishikawa et al. (2024) studied this question.
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