There is a huge polymorphism in wheat grain storage protein, gliadin. The currently known number of gliadin-encoding loci (Gli) and their allelic variants (genetic markers) allows, theoretically, to distinguish more than one billion (109) of wheat homozygous genotypes differing among them at least at one Gli locus. It was discovered that most genotypes of common wheat cultivars bred and grown in the south of Ukraine contain the unique combination of two genetic markers, Gli-A2f + Gli-B2o. This allelic combination occurred in a few genotypes of cultivars bred in regions of Russia geographically close to South Ukraine and nowhere else in the world. The two markers can be easily identified using any modification of the simple method of acid electrophoresis (APAGE) widely-used for analysis of gliadin polymorphism.
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Козуб et al. (2024) studied this question.
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