A Multifaceted Approach to Amazon's Financial Performance: Time Series, Difference in Difference, and Regression Discontinuity Analysis of R&D, Marketing, and Mobile Adoption

In the contemporary business landscape, Amazon has emerged as a preeminent force, asserting its dominance across global e-commerce and cloud computing sectors. This ascendancy is underpinned by a steadfast commitment to innovation, manifested through substantial investments in research and development (R&D) initiatives and strategic marketing endeavors. This study seeks to discern the influence of key variables, such as R&D expenditure, marketing expenses, and historical financial data, on Amazon's net income (NI) and revenue generation. Additionally, the pervasive adoption of Amazon's mobile application among over half of US consumers underscores its integral role in modern online shopping experiences, a phenomenon catalyzed by the transformative introduction of the first iPhone in 2007, which significantly augmented Amazon's revenue trajectory. Through rigorous analysis, this research aims to elucidate the intricate interplay of factors shaping Amazon's financial performance, contributing to a deeper understanding of contemporary business dynamics.