A model fidelity check in cooperative learning research in physical education

Background Fidelity is an essential component of research, theory and practice in pedagogical models in physical education Hastie, P. A., and A. Casey. 2014. "Fidelity in Models-based Practice Research in Sport Pedagogy: A Guide for Future Investigations." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 33 (3): 422–431. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0141. Reporting fidelity data has been recognized as a way to know whether student learning outcomes can be attributed to the practical architectures of pedagogical models Casey, A., and D. Kirk. 2020. Models-based in Physical Education. London: Routledge. However, research that examines the effectiveness of pedagogical models rarely reports this valuable information about the authenticity of implementation Casey, A., V. Goodyear, and B. Dyson. 2015. "Model Fidelity and Students' Responses to an Authenticated Unit of Cooperative Learning." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 34 (4): 642–660. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0227. To date, no overall data have been published on how researchers reported fidelity data in cooperative learning literature in physical education. Therefore, it seems necessary to examine whether researchers have attended to fidelity to offer insights about the quality of the model delivery.