Metal matrix composites (MMCs) were produced using iron (Fe) and niobium carbide (NbC) powders and synthesized with different NbC contents (0, 5, 10, and 20 wt.%) by high energy ball milling. As a result, a Fe0.99Nb0.01 solid solution was formed, which influenced the lattice distortion and peak shift. The Fe-NbC composites were subsequently consolidated by rapid sintering at 850°C and sintering pressure of 60 MPa. The hardness of Fe-NbC composites were ranged from 128.9±10.4 to 374.5±14.6 kg/mm2, which was related to the hall petch relationship. This enhancement is attributed to the dispersion strengthening effect of the agglomerated powders through high energy ball milling, and the control of grain growth by the spark plasma sintering. Particularly, the oxidation resistance of Fe-NbC composites increased gradually as the NbC contents increased, indicating that the oxidation layer such as Nb2O5, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 locally formed on the Fe-NbC composites surface. The oxidation layer decreased from 204.34 to 12.99 μm with the rise in NbC content.
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Park et al. (2024) studied this question.
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