IGM damping wing constraints on the tail end of reionisation from the enlarged XQR-30 sample

The attenuation of Lyα photons by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z5 continues to be a powerful probe for studying the epoch of reionisation. Given a framework to estimate the intrinsic (true) Lyα emission of high-z sources, one can infer the ionisation state of the IGM during reionisation. In this work, we use the enlarged XQR-30 sample of 42 high-resolution and high-SNR QSO spectra between 5.8\,z\,6.6 obtained with VLT/X-Shooter to place constraints on the IGM neutral fraction. This is achieved using our existing Bayesian QSO reconstruction framework which accounts for uncertainties such as the: (i) posterior distribution of predicted intrinsic Lyα emission profiles (obtained via covariance matrix reconstruction of the Lyα and N V emission lines from unattenuated high-ionisation emission line profiles; C IV, Si IV + O IV] and C III]) and (ii) distribution of ionised regions within the IGM using synthetic damping wing profiles drawn from a 1.6³ Gpc³ reionisation simulation. Following careful quality control, we used 23 of the 42 available QSOs to obtain constraints/limits on the IGM neutral fraction during the tail-end of reionisation. Our median and 68th percentile constraints on the IGM neutral fraction are: 0.20+0.14\\-0.12 and 0.29+0.14\\-0.13 at $z = 6.15$~and 6.35. Further, we also report 68th percentile upper-limits of x̄_H\, I < 0.21, 0.20, 0.21 and 0.18 at $z = 5.8, 5.95, 6.05$~and 6.55. These results imply reionisation is still ongoing at 5.8\,z\,6.55, consistent with previous results from XQR-30 (dark fraction and Lyα forest) along with other observational probes considered in the literature.