Exploring Photovoltaic Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells with CsSnCl₃: The Role of Absorber Layer Thickness

Cesium tin chloride (CsSnCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) exhibits promising characteristics as a competitive and economically feasible absorber material in the context of lead‑free PSC. Superior light absorption makes these CsSnCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> efficient at turning sunlight into energy. The abundance of cesium and tin makes them cheap. Lead toxicity and long-term stability issues persist, but continuing research intends to remove them, making CsSnCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> PSCs an attractive solar energy contender. The primary objective of this study work is to examine the influence of the CsSnCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> layer's thickness on the PV (photovoltaic) characteristics. This investigation has been done by using the 1D-SCAPS software. PSCs are a viable technology for generating sustainable energy due to their enhanced efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the production process. A study has been carried out to examine the impact of variations in thickness on the effectiveness of the device. The proposed device structure of ITO/WS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CsSnCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /CBTS/Au has been created. In this proposed study, the thickness of the active layer varies between 0.01 and 0.6 µm, divided into 10 equally intervals. The band gap of the CsSnCI <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> material is measured to be 1.52 eV. Upon modifying the layer's thickness of the absorbent layer, the subsequent PV metrics exhibit the following values: the PCE- 21.07%, the V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> - 1.02 V, the J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> - 25.41 mA/cm 2 , and the FF - 80.59%.