ISM Band-based Array Antenna of 4x1 Configuration for Microwave Imaging

This research work investigates the development and assessment of a customized 4x1 antenna array designed for microwave imaging applications. Here, the primary research objective is to optimize the key performance parameters, together with return loss, gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. The study employs an FR-4 (lossy) substrate material with dielectric constant of 4.4, reflecting real-world practical considerations. Through extensive electromagnetic simulations, the antenna array design is refined to achieve notable results, including return loss of -29.74dB and a bandwidth of 74.31 MHz. The array also demonstrates a gain of 9.24 dB, and a VSWR of 1.06 at frequency of 2.48GHz, showcasing its suitability for microwave imaging scenarios. The antenna array maintains an omnidirectional radiation pattern, ensuring a consistent signal. The combined use of simulation validation underscores the practical feasibility and reliability of the antenna array, opening the door for advanced microwave imaging systems with enhanced resolution and accuracy.