The average intensity equation of the Sine hyperbolic Gaussian vortex beam (ShGvB) in oceanic turbulence is derived using the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral. The vortex beam will unavoidably widen as it moves through the turbulence of the ocean, eventually reaching a beam size that differs from the source plane. The adaptive optics technique can be employed in underwater optical wireless communication to correct wavefront distortions caused by oceanic turbulence. The average intensity, average transmittance, beam spread and BER is quantified with and without adaptive optics. The results show that the ShGvB propagation through underwater turbulence can be improved by incorporating adaptive optics correction with improved BER.
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Das et al. (2024) studied this question.
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