Facial Liveness Detection for Biometric User Identification

This scientific paper addresses the pervasive issue of spoofing in biometric user identification, focusing on its manifestation in facial recognition systems. Spoofing involves deceptive communication originating from an untrusted source, aiming to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. The study delves into the vulnerabilities of facial biometrics, particularly in scenarios where malicious actors attempt to imitate a user's face using masks, photos, or digital means.