Risk Factors of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Pregnancy-related hypertension is the most prevalent medical condition and a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and death. But its scope and danger aspects haven't been sufficiently evaluated yet. Methods: To determine the risk factors connected to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, facility-based retrospective case-control research was carried out at multiple centers including DHQ Battagram KPK and United Medical and Dental Collage Karachi, Pakistan in the duration from September, 2023 to February, 2024, The multivariate logistic regression model considered the addition of bivariate logistic regression. Lastly, multivariate analysis was performed to determine the risk variables for pregnancy-related hypertension diseases. Results: Of the 4965 women whose delivery data were available during the study period, 263 (5.29%) had HDP. Out of 150 women, 78.90% had either pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Gestational hypertension accounted for 17.70% of the cases, superimposed hypertension for 1.10 percent, and chronic hypertension for 4.50%. The multivariate analysis revealed that the age category of 35 years and above (AOR: 2.145 (1.254, 4.213), 95% CI: 8.254 (1.475, 8.254)), rural dwellers (AOR: 2.125 (1.457, 2.784), 95% CI1.785 (1.854,2.458), prim gravida pregnancies (AOR: 3.245 (3.156, 5.214, 95% CI: 4.845 (2.547, 4.040)), null parity (AOR: 4.145 (2.458, 9.025), 95% CI: 2.36, 8.03), women who had positive history of abortion (AOR: 5.370 (1.458, 10.841, 95% CI: 7.125 (5.458, 20.458), Twin pregnancies (AOR: 7.547 (4.480, 8.458, 95% CI: 3.125 (5.784, 6.125)), ANC follow up (AOR: 5.125 (3.875, 6.458 95% CI: 6.125 (3.458, 5.235), positive pre-existing history of hypertension (AOR: 6.845 (5.235, 11.254, 95% CI4.285 (4.215, 12.214), family history of hypertension (AOR: 6.254 (5.987,7.987), 95% CI 5.258 (5.236, 10.146)), History of diabetes mellitus (AOR: 5.325 (5.214,9.254), 95% CI8.456 (6.458, 8.235) were risk factors for hypertension disorders during pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant women with hypertension are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes than pregnant women with normal blood pressure. Risk factors for developing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy include being elderly, residing in a rural area, single, nulliparous, having a positive history of abortions, having twin pregnancies, not receiving antenatal care, having positive blood pressure, having a positive family history of hypertension, and having positive diabetes mellitus.