Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy in Adult Patients with Difficult Airways Who Require Emergency Intubation

This review compares the efficacy of video laryngoscopy (VL) with that of direct laryngoscopy (DL) in adult patients with difficult airways who require emergency intubation. Intubation and laryngoscopy are critical in emergency settings, and VL has emerged as an alternative to DL, particularly in difficult airway cases and when performed by non-experienced practitioners. VL demonstrates advantages such as a wider field of view, enhanced glottic visibility, and higher first-pass success rates, particularly in difficult airway scenarios. However, it also presents limitations, including potential view obstruction and technical complexity. While the evidence points to the advantages of VL, particularly in achieving higher first-pass success rates and minimizing adverse events in adult patients with difficult airways, the inconclusive findings from randomized trials emphasize the importance of future research in refining practices and improving patient outcomes.