Comparison of GaN LED Optical Simulation in 2D and 3D Space Based on k-Domain Analysis Method

Earlier researchers have designed nanostructures such as stripe gratings (SG) or photonic crystals array (PhCA) to improve the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by the diffraction mechanism. However, through k-domain method and simulation analysis, this paper finds that although SG perform well in 2D simulation, their effect drops sharply in 3D space, a phenomenon being overlooked in the community. This paper explains the diffraction mechanism of LEDs with nanostructure in 2D and 3D space through K-domain analysis, and reveals the inaccuracy of simulating LED with SG in 2D space. Unlike SG, PhCA offers diffraction in two directions and may be more suitable for LEDs.