LIC₁2757 from the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans encodes an autoregulated ECF σE-type factor

ECF (extracytoplasmic function) σ factors, members of the σ70-family, are the largest class of alternative σ factors which are stimulated in the presence of specific signals and direct RNA polymerase to transcribe a defined subset of genes. Thanks to them, bacterial pathogens can effectively reprogram their gene expression and, consequently, survive in the host and establish infection in a relatively short time. The number of ECF σ factors encoded within bacterial genomes is different depending on a given species and it reflects the likelihood that these bacteria will encounter harsh environmental conditions. The genome of L. interrogans, a zoonotic pathogen responsible for leptospirosis, is predicted to encode 11 ECF σE-type factors, but none of them have been characterized biochemically to date and their functions are still unknown. Here, we focused on one of the leptospiral ECF σ factors, namely LIC₁2757, which was previously found to be up-regulated at elevated temperatures and may be related to the expression of clpB encoding an important L. interrogans virulence factor. We report cloning of the coding sequence of the LIC₁2757 gene, its expression with the pET system and biochemical characterization of LIC₁2757. By performing EMSA and in vitro transcription assays, we provide strong evidence that LIC₁2757 indeed functions as a transcriptional factor that enables RNA polymerase to bind to the specific σE-type promoter and to initiate transcription. Interestingly, we demonstrate that LIC₁2757 is autoregulated at the transcriptional level. Our study is a first step towards determining key aspects of LIC₁2757 function in pathogenic Leptospira.