Establishment of the HPLC fluorescence detection method for plasma trace ivermectin and its pharmacokinetics in Bactrian camel

Background and objective Ivermectin (IVM), a widely used veterinary anthelmintic, lacks recommended doses for Bactrian camels. This study aims to establish its pharmacokinetics in Bactrian camels, comparing with other livestock. Methods A method for high‐performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection of IVM in plasma was developed. Results IVM exhibited linear scaling ( y = 0.6946 x + 0.0088, R 2 = 0.9988) within 0.025–5 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 25.00 pg/mL, high recovery (>70%) and low RSD (<7%). In Bactrian camels, IVM injection showed a low C max , extended T max and apparent secondary absorption compared to cattle and sheep. Conclusions Slow absorption and widespread distribution were observed, with peak concentration and area under the curve correlating positively with the dose. This study provides insights into IVM pharmacokinetics in Bactrian camels, informing dose determination and highlighting potential metabolic differences compared to other livestock.