Design and Compare Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication Systems Using K-Ka Band

The design and comparison of a frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna specifically suited for 5G wireless communication systems using the K-Ka band are the main topics of this research. To enable frequency reconfiguration, the antenna is constructed in two configurations: one with a diode in the ON state and another without a diode in the OFF state. Three frequencies are used to assess the return loss for the ON condition: 40.96101 GHz (11.68293 dB), 42.33169 GHz (−9.885857 dB), and 39.25476 GHz (−9.907139 dB). Also shown is the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) for the ON condition, which shows satisfactory matching for the frequencies of 42.76357 (1.704816), 42.51313 (2.001889), and 38.77661 (2.068798). For the ON condition, three frequencies—40.96 GHz, 54.81 GHz, and 64.68 GHz—are used for the far-field study. Showcasing the antenna's far-field performance, the gain is seen to be 6.890 dBi, 7.242 dBi, and 8.461 dBi at the respective frequencies. S-parameters are measured in the OFF condition, and the three frequencies at which VSWR is computed are 37.45745 GHz (−9.973572 dB), 42.82878 GHz (−10.00369 dB), and 40.29928 GHz (−17.96689 dB). The reported VSWR values at 37.25471 (1.98405), 40.18438 (1.291985), and 43.09687 (2.029726) GHz show good impedance matching. Three frequencies (40.65 GHz, 54.79 GHz, and 64.91 GHz) are also used for far-field analysis in the off-condition, with corresponding gains of 7.127 dBi, 7.372 dBi, and 8.464 dBi. The findings show that even without the diode, the antenna continues to operate well.With flexibility and adaptability across a range of operating situations, this research offers insightful information about the performance and design of frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antennas for 5G wireless communication systems.