Green synthesis of Syzygium cumini fruit extract mediated Tb ³⁺ doped ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalysis and electrochemical sensing

This study presents a green and convenient approach for synthesising pure and Tb3+doped ZnO nanoparticles using naturally available Syzygium cumini fruit extract as fuel. The nanoparticles were thoroughly characterised for size, morphology, optical properties, photocatalytic, and cyclic voltammetric studies using various characterisation techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis confirmed their high purity and crystallinity, with average sizes around 25 nm. Effective incorporation of Tb3+ ions into the ZnO lattice was verified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated the porous nature of the material. The prepared Tb3+-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited promising photocatalytic degradation performance of Titan yellow (TY) dye under UV light. Electrochemical studies using a modified electrode showed enhanced performance for sensing paracetamol. These results highlight the material's potential for applications in sensors, catalysis, supercapacitors, batteries, and other fields.