Analysis of Demand-side Energy Resources and Carbon Emission for Building Operation Considering Dynamic Carbon Emission Factor

Building operational carbon emissions constitute a significant portion of carbon emissions in the building sector, and demand-side energy use during operation is a key factor in generating carbon emissions. To improve end-use energy efficiency and reduce building carbon emissions, it is necessary to conduct analytical research on demand-side building energy resources and accurately measure carbon emissions. This paper comprehensively analyses the energy resources used during building operation, focusing on meeting the needs of users. Carbon emissions are also calculated, taking into account the effect of the carbon emission factor of the distribution network on the building. Additionally, a methodology has been developed to calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor for the active building operational phase. One example is a public building in Nanjing, where energy consumption and carbon emissions during operation are being statistically analyzed. The findings indicate that the novel approach for calculating dynamic carbon emission factor outlined in this study effectively prevents the occurrence of negative carbon emission factor in the presence of new energy sources. Furthermore, it facilitates the harmonization of carbon emission factor calculations between distribution networks and buildings.