Analysis of influencing factors on carbon emissions in the building operation and maintenance phase

This study systematically identifies the key factors influencing carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase of buildings in China. Using an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, we identify four core dimensions: equipment efficiency, O&M management, user behavior, and external environment. Importance analysis shows that O&M management exerts the strongest influence, with “management commitment” being the most critical factor. Equipment efficiency serves as the essential technological foundation, while external environment acts as the primary external driver. The direct impact of user behavior is perceived as relatively limited. Therefore, an integrated strategy is recommended, emphasizing management leadership, technological upgrades, improved policy and market mechanisms, and intelligent guidance of user behavior. The findings offer actionable insights to support China’s “Dual Carbon” goals.