Lack of social data hinders integrative urban ecology research: obstacles and opportunities

Landscape sustainability science (LSS) focuses on linkages and interactions among landscape pattern, biodiversity, ecosystem services and human wellbeing (Wu 2013).As an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research field, LSS increasingly calls for cross-disciplinary approaches, especially those integrating natural and social sciences (Wu 2021(Wu , 2022)).Urban landscapes are social-ecological systems, and provide ideal places to develop cross-disciplinary approaches for integrated research across natural and social sciences (Pickett et al. 2016;Zhou et al. 2021).Urban ecology (UE) studies have grown rapidly over the past 25 years to understand the impact of urbanization and promote residents' well-being.A recent review shows that the number of peer-reviewed publications on urban ecology has grown 15% annually in the past two decades (Chen and Huang 2020).Urban ecology pays attention to people in urban change,