Using the nominal group technique to capture how local communities value blue space for physical activity

In recent years, natural environments, particularly blue spaces such as canals, have become focal points in health policies aimed at promoting physical activity (PA), reducing obesity, and mitigating inequalities. Alongside the health benefits, there is an array of societal, environmental, cultural and other welfare-enhancing factors, which shape the overall value of blue spaces for population wellbeing. This study investigates the multifaceted value of canals for promoting physical activity and wider community wellbeing. Members of local communities in Birmingham (UK) participated in two group consensus workshops to share perceptions on the value of their local canals for PA. Using the Nominal Group Technique, 21 participants with varying levels of canal use identified enablers and barriers to canal-based PA, voting for the most important factors. Data were also analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that opportunities to connect with nature, enjoy a quiet and stress-free environment and socialise with other people were mentioned as important facilitators for exercising at canals. Concerns regarding safety including anti-social behaviour, inadequate lighting, lack of cameras, and fear of visiting alone emerged as prominent barriers by both groups. This study highlights the importance of understanding community perspectives on the value of blue spaces for informing resource allocation and policy decisions aimed at enhancing community health and wellbeing. The findings informed the development of a framework for assessing blue environments for physical activity and wellbeing.