The numerous facets of 1q21⁺ in multiple myeloma: Pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, prognosis and clinical progress (Review)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow and recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. The incidence of MM worldwide is on the rise. 1q21⁺ has been found in ~30‑40% of newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients.1q21⁺ is associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease progression and drug resistance in MM. In the present review, the pathogenesis and clinicopathological features of MM patients with 1q21⁺ were studied, the key data of 1q21⁺ on the prognosis of MM patients were summarized, and the clinical treatment significance of MM patients with 1q21⁺ was clarified, in order to provide reference for clinicians to develop treatment strategies targeting 1q21⁺.