Heat shock: Impact of moderate temperature on pollen development in maize

Global warming has caused a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves and hot days worldwide.Exposure to high temperatures during the plant reproductive proteins.Hence, the study showed that moderate HS affects structural and developmental stages 43 of pollen development.44 that distorted assembly can lead to chromosome loss during cell 45 division, the authors examined the impact HS CENH3, the centromeric histone variant, by 46 ectopically expressing mRuby3-CENH3 in sperm All ten chromosomes of non-stressed 47 sperm cells were with mRuby3-CENH3, and although the heat stressed sperm cells 48 showed weaker fluorescent signals, there was no change in chromosome numbers.Finally, a 49 transcriptome analysis from heat stressed sperm cells revealed higher expression of cell cycle 50 regulators like SCF complex, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ligase 51 complex, and spindle assemble checkpoint (SAC), consistent with an abnormal cell cycle in 52 developing sperm cells.53 Li et al. (2024) evaluated the effect of HS on pollen development and showed that both 54 uni-and bicellular stages are affected by moderately elevated temperatures in maize.