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To evaluate the capacity of granulocyte activation (GAM: Elastase-2, MPO, MMP-8, NGAL, TIMP-1) and astrocyte damage (ADM: GFAP, S100B) markers to differentiate NMOSD (including anti-aquaporin-4-antibody-negative patients) and MOGAD vs MS, and NMOSD vs MOGAD, respectively.
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Leppert et al. (2024) studied this question.
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