Regional-scale analysis of weather-related rockfall triggering mechanisms in Norway, and its sensitivity to climate change

This paper evaluates the relation between rockfall events and weather conditions for two regions in Norway – Romsdalen and Gudbrandsdalen and explores how rockfall frequency might change with future climate conditions. Our analysis focuses on understanding the relationship between rockfall occurrence and effective water inputs, including rainfall and snow melt, and temperature oscillations both in cold conditions (freeze-thaw cycles) and in warm conditions (hot-cold cycles). To accomplish this, regional weather data and rockfall information in the Norwegian Mass Movement Database have been employed. Our results indicate that temperature oscillations might be better suited than effective water input to depict the occurrence of rockfalls in the two study areas in Norway. Freeze-thaw cycles are most frequent during winter and spring, and hot-cold cycles are most frequent during summer. Climate change will affect rockfall seasonality and the frequency in which freeze-thaw cycles and hot-cold cycles are observed. Thus, altering the exposure of population and infrastructures to rockfalls.