Interactive influence of urban heat island and urban pollution island in two major cities of India (Bangalore and Delhi)

Rapid urbanization with the changes in land use patterns has resulted in the human induced urban heat island (UHI). UHI is a well-known phenomenon in which urban environments retain more heat than nearby rural environments effecting the urban population. City-heat interacts with rising summer temperatures and heat-waves and emission produced placing additional pressure on infrastructure. This study investigates the impact of interactive influence of Urban Heat Island and Urban Pollution Island (UPI) in two major cities of India (Delhi and Bangalore). The seasonal study for summer was performed for the two cities and so that interactive influence of aerosol, Nitrogen dioxide (NO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) is measured when the effect of UHI is the most. The study is performed for five years (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023) and it was observed that in Delhi the overall aerosol index is greater than Bangalore. There was a considerable difference in the concentration of pollutant in 2021(during lock down because of pandemic) and 2022 (post-pandemic). Study was carried at a ward level in order to find out the interaction of pollutant and LST. Regression analysis was done taking the spatial metrics such as mean patch size, patch density, edge density, and shape of built-up patches at ward level (micro scale) of the city to measure the effect of anthropogenic activities on LST.