Here we present Rollbot, the first spherical robot capable of controllably maneuvering on 2D plane with a single actuator. Rollbot rolls on the ground in circular pattern and controls its motion by changing the curvature of the trajectory through accelerating and decelerating its single motor and attached mass. We present the theoretical analysis, design, and control of Rollbot, and demonstrate its ability to move in a controllable circular pattern and follow waypoints.
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Wang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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