Analysis of Key Constraint Factors in the Implementation of Regional Innovation Systems with Interpretive Structural Modeling Approaches

This study analyzed the constraint factors affecting the implementation of regional innovation systems in West Sumatra, Indonesia using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach.Data was collected from expert surveys using the Delphi technique.The ISM and Matrice d'Impacts multiplication application a classment (MICMAC) analyses identified several key obstacles related to leadership, policies, human resources, coordination, focus product and budgets.Leadership commitment was found to be the most critical constraint.The findings provide important practical insights on the priority actions needed to strengthen regional innovation systems by addressing key barrier factors.As one of the first ISM applications in analyzing innovation system constraints, this study enriches the limited literature.Further research with larger samples is recommended to validate the generalizability of findings