Signal Processing and Channel Modelling for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Environment

Compared to frequency bands below 6 GHz, 5G millimeter waves offer several advantages, including a large bandwidth, minimal null delay, and flexible null port configuration. To comprehend the channel characteristics of 5G millimeter-wave technology, conducting channel measurements on it is essential. Hence, to ensure precise 5G millimeter-wave channel measurements and facilitate channel modelling, this study recommends utilizing a phased array antenna-based method for the channel measurement. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that the shadow fading term of the actual measurement data follows a normal distribution in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios. Additionally, the K-S test confirms that all Boolean variables are equal to 1 and all numerical variables are greater than α. The line-of-sight scenario produces a logarithmic mean delay extension of –7.4 and a standard deviation of 0.12, based on actual measured data. Meanwhile, the 3GPP shows a logarithmic mean of –7.4 and a standard deviation of 0.15. In the non-line-of-sight scenario, the logarithmic mean delay extension is –7.3 with a standard deviation of 0.17, while the 3GPP produces a logarithmic mean of –7.4 and a standard deviation of 0.19. The data presented closely adheres to the 3GPP model. It is evident that the channel measurement method, proposed within the study, effectively measures the parameters within the delay domain. Concerning the prolonged pitch angle and azimuth angle ranges, they measure 14°–31° and 14°–29° in the line-of-sight situation, and 21°–33° and 19°–37° in the corresponding non-line-of-sight situation. Additionally, the logarithmic mean and standard deviation for both the pitch angle and azimuth angle in the line-of-sight scenario are 1.32 and 0.09, respectively. The logarithmic mean and standard deviation of the azimuth angle of arrival are 1.35 and 0.08, respectively. The above results show that the method proposed in the study enables the measurement of 5G millimeter-wave channels and is important for millimeter-wave channel modelling.