Epstein-Barr Virus Infection-Associated Facial Swelling: A Case Report

Maxillofacial soft tissue swelling is a common clinical symptom with various etiologies. While odontogenic space infection is the most common cause, it is crucial not to overlook maxillofacial swellings caused by specific pathogenic infections and other local factors. This paper reports the case of an adult patient with right-sided swelling of his face, persistent oral mucosal ulcers, and recurrent hyperthermia for 30 days. He had received various antibiotics for the initial diagnosis of "right buccal space infection," but the antibiotics did not have any effect on his symptoms. None of the blood tests, histological examinations, bone marrow biopsies, and immune-related tests produced diagnostic findings. A diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was finally confirmed by biopsy tissue genomics sequencing and quantitative analysis of EBV nucleic acid. In this report, we describe the diagnosis and treatment process for this patient and suggest that facial swelling could be an important clinical symptom of EBV infection.