Individuality in history as an alternativeto the development of capitalism: a methodological aspect (based on the concept of the philosophy of history by R. Aiken)

The article explores the problem of individuality in the historical process as a methodological alternative to the capitalist paradigm of development. Based on the analysis of the works of R. K. Aiken and other philosophers of the XIX-XX centuries consider the methodological foundations of the study of individuality in historical science. Particular attention is paid to the criticism of economic determinism and the development of alternative methodological approaches that take into account the spiritual and cultural aspects of historical development. A new methodological model of the study of history is proposed, based on the principles of multidimensionality and recognition of the importance of the individual principle.