Generation of complete graph states in a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with a globally optimized magnetic field

Graph states possess significant practical value in measurement-based quantum computation, with complete graph states that exhibit exceptional performance in quantum metrology. In this work, we introduce a method for generating multiparticle complete graph states using a spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg $XX$ chain subjected to a time-varying magnetic field, which applies to a wide range of systems. Our scheme relies exclusively on nearest-neighbor interactions between atoms, with real-time magnetic field formation facilitated by quantum optimal control theory. We focus specifically on neutral-atom systems, finding that multiparticle complete graph states with $N=3--6$ can be achieved in less than 0.250.16em0exs, using a hopping amplitude of J/(2π)=-2.4430.16em0exMHz. This assumes an initial state provided by an equal-weight superposition of all spin states that are encoded by the dipolar-interacting Rydberg states. Furthermore, we thoroughly address various experimental imperfections and showcase the robustness of our approach against atomic vibrations, fluctuations in pulse amplitude, and spontaneous emission of Rydberg states. Taking into account the common occurrence of disturbances in the experimental setups of neutral-atom systems, our one-step strategy to achieve such graph states emerges as a viable alternative to techniques based on controlled-Z gates.