Augmentation of optical and magnetic characteristics at ambient temperature in bismuth ferrite-titanium (BiFe1–xTixO₃) multiferroic compounds

A facile sol–gel approach was utilized to synthesis BiFe 1-x Ti x O 3 multiferroic ferrites, denoted as BFO- x Ti (with x from 0.00 to 0.10). XRD analysis revealed that the undoped BFO ferrite exhibited a rhombohedral structure, and a transition from the rhombohedral phase to the pseudo-cubic phase occurred as the Ti content increased. The optical band gap increased from 2.00 eV to 2.23 eV with a Ti substitution at 0.10 mol. The magnetic properties exhibited a transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase due to the structural phase transition and super-exchange interaction between the 3d orbitals of Ti 4+ and Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ at the B-sites through oxygen vacacies. The sample with a 0.10 mol Ti substitution demonstrated the highest M s and M r values of 3.68 emu g −1 and 7.21 × 10 –3 emu g −1 , respectively. Overall, the results suggest that the BiFe 1-x Ti x O 3 multiferroic ferrites with optimal composition hold promise for use in magneto-optical devices.