Enhanced cap model simulates powder behavior during compaction, revealing important density distribution insights.
An enhanced Cap model for simulating the behavior of 316 L stainless steel powder during rigid die compaction has been developed. This model allows for using variable elasticity as well as a density dependent Cap aspect ratio. It was implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS as a user defined subroutine using a return mapping algorithm. Practical aspects of the material model as well as its integration algorithm are addressed in this paper. The implementation of the Cap model into ABAQUS via the user subroutine UMAT is also discussed. In addition, a simulation of an industrial application was performed by means of an integrated module. Finite element predicted density distribution is compared to experimental local density measurements determined by a method based on a correlation with Vickers hardness measurements.
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Chtourou et al. (1995) studied this question.
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