Optimal Control of on-Board Bidirectional PEV Charger in V2G Demonstration: A Novel Squirrel-Wolf Optimization Approach

Electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid plug-in EVs are receiving more and more attention due to their low fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To encourage the global adoption of EVs, on-board charger's management scheme serving in rural locations is crucial, especially for those with erratic or nonexistent power supplies. As a novelty, this work provides the utility grid with reactive power while charging the EV. This is performed by the use of a progressive optimization approach known as the Squirrel-Wolf optimization algorithm to regulate the variables of the PI controller of the Alternative current (AC)-Direct Current (DC) converter and the DC-DC converter. The ideas of the Squirrel search optimization algorithm (SSA) and the Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (GWO) were integrated to create the projected Squirrel-Wolf optimization algorithm. Also, the proposed method is validated over other methods in terms of error measures.