We show that a stable vortex soliton, carrying a constant magnetic flux, exists in the homogeneous medium of axions with a constant time-derivative. Axions can be bound in the vortex, having energy less than the axion mass. If the observed magnetic fields in galaxies are those of the vortex, the axion-photon coupling has to be smaller than 10⁻¹⁷\, GeV⁻¹. Otherwise, axions decay too quickly to constitute dark matter in galaxies.
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Hong et al. (2024) studied this question.
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