Air pollution is a widespread problem that affects all areas of society because poor air quality results in an increase in the incidence of various diseases that are influenced by the environment, notable among which are kidney diseases. Studies indicate that prolonged exposure to moderate-tohigh concentrations of particulate matter (PM) can decrease renal function, promoting the progression of chronic kidney diseases and related problems. Despite emission controls on the road transport sector, people of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) have been exposed to air pollutants concentrations above the WMO guidelines for many years, especially surface ozone and fine particles.
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Silva et al. (2024) studied this question.
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