Administration of contrast media may cause contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), which is a severe complication during angiographic studies; it is the third most common cause of iatrogenic acute kidney injury, accounting for approximately 12% of all cases and can lead to chronic kidney disease. CIN is a sudden elevation of serum creatinine of more than 25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl in the first 48 hours. The pathological mechanisms include tubular toxicity, intrarenal vasoconstriction, and increased oxidative stress.
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García‐Arroyo et al. (2024) studied this question.
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