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The need for an integrated approach to the study of optional by nature signs of the objective side and their role in crimes against life and health requires turning to the experience of foreign countries. In this connection, the work examines some features of the construction of optional signs of the objective side in the above-mentioned criminal offenses in the criminal legislation of Germany and France. The conducted comparative research made it possible to see ways of improvement and vectors of development of criminal law policy, the implementation of which is carried out precisely by the correction of the criminal law. Based on the results of the work, the author indicates that legislators in Germany and France, unlike in Russia, do not attach serious importance to optional signs of the objective side when constructing crimes against life and health. At the same time, certain features in the regulation of optional signs of the objective side in crimes against life and health, which are not characteristic of domestic law, are still refined. For example, in Germany, in relation to murder in a state of passion, not only the determinants of the occurrence of a state of strong emotional excitement, but also the pre-criminal behavior of the subject of the crime are taken into account. It is also noted that the German Criminal Code regulates liability for participation in a fight; it regulates liability for abortion that occurs outside the established period of pregnancy at which it is possible. In addition, it was revealed that the French Criminal Code criminalizes hiring to commit murder if the mercenary did not plan to commit a criminal act. In conclusion, the author of the work suggests ways to improve domestic legislation taking into account the studied foreign experience.
Дмитрий Каренович Согомонов (Mon,) studied this question.