P13 Benefits of 3D-printed anatomical heart models for ECG interpretation in undergraduate education

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive clinical diagnostic tool used to quantify cardiac rate, rhythm, and electrical excitation across the myocardium. ECG interpretation is a crucial skill in medical practice. Despite this, the literature reveals a trend of low competency scores and confidence levels in ECG understanding among medical students. This is because understanding requires visualising 3D spatial relationships with coronary vascular supply and routes of electrical excitation, in connection with lead placement. Pre-hospital ECGs play a critical role in the early detection of certain cardiac conditions such as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). As they can significantly improve patient outcomes with studies revealing the importance of pre-hospital ECGs for timely diagnosis, and for reducing mortality rates. While computerised ECGs are widely available, and possibly even AI-enabled ECGs will be in the future, both applications have major limitations and require a competent medical professional to look over the ECG report. Traditional teaching methods, such as didactic lectures and written materials, fall short of promoting deep understanding. Innovations like online modules show promise, with asynchronous e-modules proving effective in improving post-course test scores. 3D-printed models also emerge as valuable tools for enhancing ECG teaching. Studies demonstrate their superiority over traditional methods, offering an increased understanding of complex cardiac structures. 3D-printed models provide cost-effective, accurate representations of cardiac anatomy, aiding in better comprehension. Addressing the challenges in ECG understanding requires innovative educational approaches, such as incorporating 3D-printed models, to improve confidence and competency and hopefully patient outcomes.