MiR-34a-5p as a Diagnostic and Prognostic marker for Patients of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is considered a common disease in Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) practice that has a negative impact on quality of life, and also has a high relapse rate after endoscopic nasal surgery. Objectives: to detect the expression level of miR-34a-5p in CRSwNP patients and to assess its correlation with clinical and laboratory data. Methodology: This study is a controlled observational study that included 100 subjects (50 patients with CRSwNP and 50 healthy controls). Blood samples were drawn from all subjects. RNA extraction and detection of fold change of miR-34a-5p was performed using real-time PCR. Results: A significant down-regulation of the miR34a-5p marker in CRSwNP patients was detected. The median for the miR-34a5p marker was lower in patients suffering from facial pain and severe nasal obstruction. Patients with nasal polyps that were large enough to protrude outside the middle meatus had significantly lesser levels of the miR-34a-5p marker. Conclusion: The down-regulation of miR-34a-5p level may regulate the pathogenesis and development of nasal polyps in CRSwNP patients clarifying miR-34a-5p role as new a biomarker and suggesting future research giving the chance to innovation of a new drug to up-regulate the miR34a-5p to its normal expression level.