Immunomodulatory Effects of Moringa oleifera Seed Extract and Nano Zinc Oxide on Benzene-Induced Toxicity In-Vivo

Background: Benzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon found in crude oil and petrol, shows significant health risks due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment. Exposure to benzene leads to various health issues, including hematological disorders and increased cancer risk. In recent years, interest has grown in identifying natural compounds with antioxidant properties to mitigate benzene toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed extract on benzene-induced changes in key hematological parameters in a rat model. Methods: Fresh Moringa seeds were extracted and processed, and adult Wistar rats were divided into six groups, including controls and those exposed to benzene alone or treated with Moringa seed extract, nano zinc oxide, or their combination. Blood samples were collected at different intervals to assess white blood cell counts, immunoglobulin levels, and other hematological markers. Results: Treatment with benzene led to significant decreases in total leukocyte counts and alterations in differential leukocyte percentages, indicating immune system suppression. However, treatment with Moringa seed extract, alone or in combination with nano zinc oxide, mitigated these effects, restoring white blood cell counts and improving immune parameters. Additionally, Moringa extract treatment was associated with enhanced levels of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM. Conclusion: Moringa seed extract shows promise in increasing immunity and white blood cell counts after benzene exposure. Further research is needed to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent against benzene toxicity.