Ecological Characteristics and Layout Optimization of Rural Landscape for Smart Cities and Ant Colony Algorithms

Studying the spatial pattern of rural settlements and its influencing factors is important for guiding rural economic development, optimizing the living environment of rural residents, effectively using land resources, and accelerating the construction of urban-rural integration. The purpose of this paper is to study the ecological characteristics and layout optimization of rural landscape oriented to smart city and ant colony algorithm, introduce the concept of smart city and rural landscape, propose the ant colony algorithm, take Hengshan District as the research area, and use the method of landscape ecology to analyze the layout pattern and layout of rural settlements in Hengshan District in two periods of 2015 and 2020 under different landforms, different distances from rivers, roads and towns. The landscape characteristics were analyzed. On this basis, nine indicators affecting the layout of settlements were selected. Then, with the suitability of rural settlements as the optimization target, the ACO optimization model was constructed by combining the relevant theories of ant colony algorithm, and the layout of rural settlements in Hengshan District was optimized with the help of GeoSOS geographical optimization simulation system. The experimental results show that after optimization, there are 12,354 rural settlements in Hengshan District, with an average patch area of 0.52 ha and a decrease in the number of patches, while the density of rural settlements PD of patches decreases, indicating that the fragmentation of rural settlements is reduced and the connectivity of settlements is increased.