The present study employed a concurrent mixed-method research design.Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected at the same time.While quantitative data primarily focused on investigating the levels of FLE among Thai FL learners based on three dimensions: teacher-related, personal-related, and social-related proposed by Botes et al. (2021), the emphasis of the qualitative data was on exploring the factors that contribute to Thai learners' FLE in the English classroom. Research ParticipantsThis study involved 121 participants (55 males and 66 females) aged between 18 and 22.The participants consisted of first-year students who willingly took part in the research.All these individuals were enrolled in General English courses at Walailak University and were native Thai speakers.They were from diverse faculties such as Nursing, Political
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Wangdi et al. (2024) studied this question.
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