Trial Implementation and National Expansion of Labor Insurance in Northeast China(1949∼1951)

Labor insurance conducted by the Northeast People's Government was implemented in a thorough system based on China's first codified laws, and it has since had a lasting impact on China's labor insurance. Since the Communist Party of China has an advantage in the Northeast, the Northeast Administrative Committee has set labor insurance as a major activity in labor policy and during the Chinese Civil War 『Regulations on Temporary Labor Insurance for Northeast Industrial and Commercial Enterprises during Wartime(Northeast Labor Insurance)』 was enacted that absorbed the experiences of the Soviet Union and Harbin.BR The labor insurance fund, which was fully covered by the enterprise since April 1, 1949, provided life assistance related to life and death to workers in public enterprises as well as their dependents, and the trade union led the operation. Workers came to believe that the new government was on their side and that the trade union was an organization that represented the interests of the workers. Based on this, the government was able to maintain a low-wage system, mobilize workers in various policies, and raise the heat of production competition. As a result, the Northeast administrative district restored production in the northeast, which was the rear of the battlefield, contributed to the victory of the Chinese Civil War, and secured workers' support for the Communist Party of China.BR The positive experience in the northeast expanded to the implementation of unified labor insurance, and the political implications of labor insurance in the northeast could be spread nationwide. Labor insurance has been a good means of overcoming the wartime situation of the Korean War, took over cities, and increasing the extent to which the private economy depends on the state-owned economy in new-democratic economy. There was no more useful political tool than labor insurance in realizing the workers-led people's democratic dictatorship, which the Communist Party of China always emphasized.BR This study, which analyzed the enactment and operation of the 『Northeast Labor Insurance』 and the process of expanding labor insurance to the national labor insurance in a short period of time, is meaningful in examining what compensation mechanisms were used to solidify the regime in the early days of China's founding.