Apprehensionals and other kindred markers of non-realization in Korean

Kuteva, Aarts, et al. (2019) proposed a model of five different types of non-realization marking as a crosslinguistic category, i.e., apprehensional, avertive, frustrated initiation, frustrated completion, and inconsequential. This study describes the corresponding markers in Korean and suggests that a new category, i.e., oscillative-frustrative, be added to the non- realization typology. The developmental patterns of non-realization markers in Korean are largely consonant with the patterns reported in other languages, but a few unique instances are also observed. Most notably, Korean has a set of 'oscillative-frustratives', which is not subject to tense-restriction and encodes non-realization, signaling repeated movements towards the target and cessations thereof. This unique type warrants recognition as constituting a new category of non-realization marking.