Answering a pair of questions of Conrey, Gabbard, Grant, Liu, and Morrison, we prove that a triplet of dice drawn from the multiset model are intransitive with probability $$1/4+o(1)$$ 1 / 4 + o ( 1 ) and the probability a random pair of dice tie tends toward α n⁻¹ α n - 1 for an explicitly defined constant α α . This extends and sharpens the recent results of Polymath regarding the balanced sequence model . We further show the distribution of larger tournaments converges to a universal tournamenton in both models. This limit naturally arises from the discrete spectrum of a certain skew-symmetric operator (given by the kernel in the title acting on L²([-1,1]) L 2 ( [ - 1 , 1 ] ) ). The limit exhibits a degree of symmetry and can be used to prove that, for instance, the limiting probability that Aᵢ A i beats Aᵢ₊₁ A i + 1 for 1≤ i≤ 4 1 ≤ i ≤ 4 and that A₅ A 5 beats A₁ A 1 is $$1/32+o(1)$$ 1 / 32 + o ( 1 ) . Furthermore, the limiting tournamenton has range contained in the discrete set \0,1\ { 0 , 1 } . This proves that the associated tournamenton is non-quasirandom in a dramatic fashion, vastly extending work of Cornacchia and Hązła regarding the continuous analogue of the balanced sequence model. The proof is based on a reduction to conditional central limit theorems (related to work of Polymath), the use of a “Poissonization” style method to reduce to computations with independent random variables, and the systematic use of switching-based arguments to extract cancellations in Fourier estimates when establishing local limit-type estimates.
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Sah et al. (2024) studied this question.
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