Exploring the Interplay: Academic Self-Efficacy as a Moderator in the Mediation of Future Time Perspective on Learning Engagement via Hope among Secondary Vocational Students

With the continuous popularization of higher education, secondary vocational students also have the opportunity to enter universities, leading to an increasingly competitive learning environment.How to effectively improve their learning engagement is a question worthy of study.This study aims to investigate the moderated mediation effect of academic self-efficacy on the mediating effect of hope between future time perspective and learning engagement of secondary vocational students.The study subjects were purposefully sampled from a vocational school in Dongguan, China.Data was collected through a questionnaire survey to gather information on future time perspective, hope, academic selfefficacy, and learning engagement.A total of 310 responses were collected for analysis.The statistical tools used in this study were SPSS Ver.26 and PROCESS macro Ver.4.2.Conducted reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis.And the investigation of the moderated mediation effect was carried out utilizing model 14 within the PROCESS macro.The results of the study revealed that the notable positive correlation was observed among learning engagement, future time perspective, hope, and academic self-efficacy.Moreover, the academic self-efficacy moderated the pathway of future time perspective to learning engagement via hope.The results of this study provide suggestions for designing programs aimed at enhancing the learning engagement of secondary vocational students.